Ukuthuthukisa Kwemithombo Yezinkotho Zokusebenza Ngokwahlukile: Izinkinga Ezihlukene

Ukudala izinkampani zokusebenza ngamathuba kubukhulu kakhulu. Amashopu amasha nezinkampani ezingaphezulu, esithi zizinkampani zezindaba, zihlanganisa lokhu ngendlela eyodwa. Amashopu amasha ayisinye isikhundla esincane futhi esitsha, kodwa izinkampani zezindaba ziyisinye isikhundla esikhulu futhi esiqondile. Kwi-Yuxing, siyazi ukuthi lezinye izinqumo ziyaphakanyiswa njengoba zihlanganisa izinkampani zokusebenza ngamathuba. Amashopu amasha angakufuna ukuphambana kahle futhi ukuzimela, kodwa izinkampani zezindaba zinamalungu amaningi kodwa zibhekana ngezinkinga eziningi emaqhaza. Lokhu kucabanga ngokuthi yini okufanele kwenziwe ukuze kwenziwe ukuchaza nokuthuthukisa izinkampani zokusebenza ngamathuba kahle kuma-startup nezinkampani zezindaba, futhi kuphi kufuneka kutholwe izinsiza eziningi zokusebenza ngamathuba.

Ukuze kwenziwe ukuchaza nokuthuthukisa izinkampani zokusebenza ngamathuba kahle kubamthengi abasebenzisa ngokwesibini, amashopu amasha kufanele bafunde futhi bakwazi ukuphambana kahle.

Kufanele bavakashe kubhekana nokwenza isampulu yokuqala. Isampulu sithi isithothobha esincane sesithuthu sabo. Kusiza ababili ukubona ukuthi umyalo uya sebenza futhi ngaphambi kokuthi bafaka imali enkulu. Amashopu amasha ayisisekelo ayinamalini amancane, ngakho ke idolari ngalinye iyathatha ubukhulu. Bangaqhubeka ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokwenza isampulu ngokushesha, okusho ukuthi bawenze izampulu ngokushesha nokuncane kokuthi bafaka imali ukuze bazi ukuthi umyalo uyasebenza njani. Umzekelo, ukuprinta kwe-3D kusiza amashopu amasha ukwenza izinyathelo ngaphandle kokuthi bafaka imali enkulu emizindleleni. Ngaphakathi kwesinye isikhathi, amakhaya amakhulu ayinamalini amaningi kodwa kungaba yinkanani ngokushesha ngoba bayafollow izindlela eziningi. Kufanele bavakashe ukuthi konke kuyasebenza ngendlela efanele, okuyathatha isikhathi. Amakhaya amakhulu kufanele bavakashe ukuthi bavule izindlela zabo. Bangaqhubeka ngokusebenzisa izinkampani zokuphatha iziprojekthi ukuze bafunde ukuphambuka kwebizo futhi bakhulise konke kuzindaba ezifanayo. I-Yuxing ingasiza amashopu amasha futhi amakhaya amakhulu ngokunika izinto ezinamandla futhi ukusiza kwe-R&D.

Ukuhlanganisa izisifundo sezinkampani zokusebenzisa amathuba okukhomba kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kunezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa kuyadlula kubaphansi nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Amaphutha kufanele abeke imithombo yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene ezingakwesifundazwe esizokuzilungiselela. Kungaba ngokuphatha kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kwezinhlelo zokusebenza noma kwezinhlelo zokugcina izindaba. Ngaleso sikhathi, bafika kubantu abasebenza kwezinhlelo zokusebenza abangakubonisa izinhlelo eziningi. Izindawo zokusebenza kwi-intanethi njengezifundazwe nezindawo zokugcina izindaba zihlungekile futhi. Lezi zindawo zinikela amaphutha ukubuza nokusharela izindaba. I-Yuxing iyavumela ukusiza amaphutha ngamaphepha ekhetha izinhlelo eziningi. Kuma-Enterprises, kubalulekile ukuthi baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde baphinde......

Kokuphakathi, ukuthola izahlukahluko zezinto ezihlelweyo kuzo ku-R&D yezinto ezihlelweyo phakathi kwezindaba zezindawo nezindawo zezindawo ziyisisekelo. Izindaba zezindawo kufuneka zibe ngokushesha nokwazi kwezinto abanazo, ngakho-ke izindawo zezindawo zizifokusisa kumsebenzi osheshayo nokubaluleka kwezinhloso. Ukukhetha izinkampani eziphelele ziyisisekelo kubabili. Uma ungena emkhakheni yokuthola amazwi amasha noma indawo yokugcina ubalulekile, u-Yuxing ungakusiza ekuphuhliseni kwezinto ezihlelweyo.

Abathengi bokuthengiselwa kabanzi bafune ukwazi ntoni ngemiphumo yezinto ezihlelweyo?

Xa kufikwa ekwenzeni kwamaprodukthi amasha ezinto ezihlelweyo, izindaba zezindawo nezindawo ezingaphezulu—izindawo zezindawo—zenza into eyithi umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa nokuthuthukisa, noma R&D ngokufuphi. Lokhu kusiza kuzoba kuthatha, kuchaza, nokuthuthukisa amaprodukthi babo kabefore kufika kubabathengi. Kuma-bathengi bokuthengiselwa kabanzi, ukwazi lokhu kuyisisekelo kakhulu. Kusiza kubona ukuthani kufanele kubhekwe kumaprodukthi amasha kufanele kubhekwe kuhle futhi ukuthani kufanele kubhekwe.

Okokuqala, sibone amashopu esitartu. Amashopu esitartu ayizinkampani ezingaphansi ezisemanzini. Ziyabona izindlela ezintsha kodwa azinakho imali noma izinto eziningi. Kwa-Yuxing, sisebenza nezinkampani zesiqalekileyo ukuzenza izindlela zezinto zokusebenza zibe yisiqu. Amashopu esitartu ayiqala ngokwenza ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe ukufumana izindlela. Emva kwalokho bayakha iziphumo zezinto zokusebenza, izinhlobo ezincane zezinto zokusebenza. Lezi ziphumo zizinga kakhulu ngoba zibonisa ukuthi izindlela ziyasebenza njani ngempela. Amashopu esitartu ayazama iziphumo zezinto zokusebenza ngamahlanu amaningi ukuze zilungisele izinkinga futhi zihlele.

Ngaphakathi kwesinye isikhathi, izinkampani ezingaphezulu zinezimali nezindawo eziningi. Zinezitimba ezingaphezulu zezimboni emazwe amaningi njengezokudesign, ukubhala amakhompyutha, nokuthengisa. Lokhu kuthi ukuthi kuzosakaza kusho kanye nokuthi kuzobhekwa kuhle ukuthuthukisa izinto zokusebenza. Izinkampani ezingaphezulu ziyasebenza ngokuthuthukisa umlando wokuthengisa ukuthi abathengi bafuna ntoni. Lokhu kusiza ukwenza izinto zokusebenza abathengi bazothenga. Kodwa ukukhulu kwezinkampani ezingaphezulu kunciphisa kakhulu, ngoba iziphakamiso ziyadlula kude futhi kudinga ukuthi konke kube lula.

Kubabuyeri bokuthengiselwa ngokukhulu, ukwazi lezi ziganeko zihlanganisa ukukhetha iziprodukthi zokuthenga nokuthengiselwa. Ababuyeri kufanele bazi ukuthi ukuthuthukisa nokuphatha kuzoba nesikhathi. Kubi kakhulu ukubuza izimpahla ukuthi kuzoba nesikhathi sengaphezulu ngani ukwenza iprodukthi entsha futhi kungani iziproblemi ezingakwenzeka. Kwa-Yuxing, sizithemba ukuthi ukubhala kahle kusiza konke okubuyi ukwazi ukuthi kuzoba nini ekuthuthukiseni nokuphatha.

Iziproblemi zizingakanani zizoba kumaphakathi nezimpahla zokuthuthukisa izinto ezinamagama emkhosi?

Xa imaphakathi nezimpahla zokuthuthukisa izinto ezinamagama emkhosi ziyasebenza ngokuthuthukisa izinto ezinamagama emkhosi, zibona iziproblemi ezinye. Imaphakathi chafaza ngokungabi nesifundo esincane. Kungaba kungabi nesifundo sokuhlela isigaba esikhulu noma ukuthola izinkampani ezinamagama emkhosi. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kubalulekile ukwenza nokuzama iziprotothayipi. Isibonelo, uma impahla kwa-Yuxing iyadesigna isithombe esitsha, kungaba kubalulekile ukuthola izinkampani noma ukulwa izinkampani. Ngakho ke kufanele baze bakhumbule kakhulu futhi bavuselele lokho okuncane abikho.

Indlela eyodwa yokuxhumana nezindaba zezindawo zokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha kuzo kukuthi kubalulekile ukuthi baphathe ngexesha. Ngoba banezindawo ezintsha, kufanele baphathe ngokushesha ukuze bakhangeleka. Kodwa ukuphatha ngokushesha kungasiza kuze kube nempazamo. Umntu ozokuthengisa iprodukthi engaqondakali ngendlela enenhle kungasiza kuze kube nempazamo xa kuyithengiselwa kumalume. Isibonelo, uma izindawo zokuphatha ziyathumela isithombe esishesha kakhulu ngaphandle kokuphatha ngendlela enenhle, kungasiza kuze kube yilokho okungafani nalo okufanele kwenza nalo, okanye akakwazi ukwenza ngendlela enenhle. Lokhu kusiza kuze kube yilokho okusiza kumlando wabo nokuthengiselwa.

Amaphoyisa ayasebenza ngamazinyo awo. Bayanezimali eziningi, kodwa amadepatamenti amaningi ayaphatha ngokushesha kakhulu ukuthi abeke izimpendulo. Isibonelo, uma umphoyisa ufuna ukuguqula ukudesigna ngokuvumela kwemalume, kufuneka kude kakhulu ukuze kubhalwe izimpendulo kuzo zonke izindawo. Lokhu kusiza kuze kube yilokho okusiza kumaphoyisa ukuthi baphathe ngokushesha kumaqhuba okuthengiselwa.

Izindawo zokuphatha nezindawo zokuphatha zonke ziyasebenza ngamazinyo emisiko yezinhlobo zokuphatha kwezinhlobo zokuphatha. Izindawo zokuphatha azinakho ubukhulu bezifundo ezinkulu njengamaphoyisa amakhulu. Lokhu kusiza kuze kube yilokho okusiza kumaphoyisa ukuthi baphathe ngokushesha kumaqhuba okuthengiselwa. Amaphoyisa mayelwe amaqhuba amaningi, futhi akukwazi ukuthi aphathe ngokushesha kumqhuba omunye. Lokhu kusiza kuze kube yilokho okusiza kumaphoyisa ukuthi baphathe ngokushesha kumaqhuba okuthengiselwa.

Bheka le mazwi amabili apho abathengi bokuthengiselwa kakhulu baya kubona ukuthi bafuna kusuka emakhasini. Kuyabonisa ukuthi kungani ukuthuthukisa izindaba zokuzilungiselela kwe-R&D kubalulekile. Ku-Yuxing, siyathuthukisa izindaba zokuzilungiselela kwe-R&D ngokunikezela umsebenzi wokulungiselela nokuthuthukisa izinkampani, ukuze bavule izinto ezihlukene ekhaya lokuthengiselwa ngendlela enenhle.

Yini indlela yokukhetha indlela yokuzilungiselela kwe-hardware yezindaba zokuzilungiselela kwe-R&D yezindaba zokuzilungiselela noma kwezindaba zokuthengiselwa?

Ukukhetha indlela yokuzilungiselela kwe-hardware yezindaba zokuzilungiselela kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthuthukisa izindaba zokuzilungiselela noma kwezindaba zokuthengiselwa. Ku-Yuxing, sibona ukuthi indlela enenhle iyaphuma ngokwazi ukuthi uyifuna nini, ukuthi uyinako nini, nokuthi kukuphi umphumela wakho. Kuma startups, indlela eyisikhwama neyenzelwe ukuthuthukisa kubalulekile kakhulu. Izindaba zokuzilungiselela kufanele ziqondwe ngokuthi ziyizinto eziphansi zokuzilungiselela (MVP). Le MVP yizinto ephansi nje ngenxa yokuthi iphumelela kakhulu kubantu abaqala kubona, futhi kuyasebenza ngokushesha ukuthola umbuzo wabantu bese ubuye ubuyisize ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuthenga okuningi kuqala.

Izindaba zokuzilungiselela kufanele ziqondwe ngokuthi ziyizinto eziphansi zokuzilungiselela (MVP). Le MVP yizinto ephansi nje ngenxa yokuthi iphumelela kakhulu kubantu abaqala kubona, futhi kuyasebenza ngokushesha ukuthola umbuzo wabantu bese ubuye ubuyisize ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuthenga okuningi kuqala. Izindaba zokuzilungiselela kufanele ziqondwe ngokuthi ziyizinto eziphansi zokuzilungiselela (MVP). Le MVP yizinto ephansi nje ngenxa yokuthi iphumelela kakhulu kubantu abaqala kubona, futhi kuyasebenza ngokushesha ukuthola umbuzo wabantu bese ubuye ubuyisize ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuthenga okuningi kuqala. Kufanele bahlale baxhuma abantu ababambisayo noma ababambisayo ukuthuthukisa izindaba zokuzilungiselela, okuyakubiza isikhathi esisha kwezindaba zokuzilungiselela.

Kubaprojekthi, umyalelo wokusebenza kwe-R&D owodwa kubalulekile. Amakampani amakhulu abona ukuthi ngokuphawula kweminyaka yokuhlola imithombo, ukudesigna, ukuzama, nokubeka izimpendulo. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sibe nesiqondiso esihle futhi sisebenze ngokushesha. Amakampani abaprojekthi abayisiza emizwakweni yezindlela zokuxhumana ukuze amazibuko asebenze ngokuhlanganisa. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sifike kumahluko ngokushesha futhi sijabulela imiprojekthi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakampani amasha nezabaprojekthi zonke zidinga ukubheka imitrendi yemithombo kanye nezinguquko zetekhnoloji. Umhlaba wamathilathi wahlala wosukela, futhi amakampani kufanele akhangelela izindaba ezintsha. Kufanele sibe ngezindaba eziphawulekile ngamandla okukhetha kwezinto abafuna abantu bakhetha futhi sibe nesikhundla sokuguqula uma kudingeka.

Ukukhetha umyalelo wokusebenza kwe-R&D othile kufanele kube nesikhumbuzo esihle ngendlela yokusebenza kwekampani. Ku-Yuxing, siyavuma amakampani amasha nezabaprojekthi ukuthi baphathele amaplani amahle, bafokusise kubizo labantu, futhi babe nesikhundla sokuguqula. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sibhengele amathilathi okuhle okuyinhloso yemithombo kanye nokuvutha indawo yekampani.